Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenazopyridine in Goats With Obstructive Urolithiasis

TL;DR

This study examines how phenazopyridine is processed in the bodies of goats with urinary blockages, finding that it is quickly eliminated and does not accumulate in urine.

Contribution

The study provides the first pharmacokinetic data for phenazopyridine in goats with obstructive urolithiasis.

Findings

Phenazopyridine has a short plasma half-life of 0.5 hours in goats.

The drug's concentration in urine remained below detectable levels in most samples.

Oral administration does not lead to significant accumulation of phenazopyridine in urine.

Abstract

Phenazopyridine is used for ancillary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstructive urolithiasis. However, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in goats.

Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenazopyridine after oral administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis after tube cystostomy surgery.

Six male goats, ages 3 months to 4 years.

Prospective, observational study. Goats presenting to a veterinary institution diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis underwent a tube cystostomy surgery. After surgery, phenazopyridine (4 mg/kg PO q12h) was administered. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined intervals, and the concentration of phenazopyridine and clinically relevant metabolites was determined using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non‐compartmental analysis.

The harmonic mean terminal elimination plasma half‐life (T
1/2), geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (C
max), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.5 h (0.22–1.57 h), 263.4 ng/mL (137.35–1047.88 ng/mL), and 0.69 h*ng/mL (0.10–2.99 h*ng/mL), respectively for phenazopyridine. The concentration of phenazopyridine in urine samples was below the limit of assay detection (1.5 ng/mL) in all but one sample.

Phenazopyridine was rapidly eliminated from plasma and did not concentrate at detectable levels in the urine after oral administration.

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