# Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice

## TL;DR

This study shows that magnolol can inhibit bovine enterovirus infection in mice by modulating gut microbiota, particularly by restoring beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus.

## Contribution

The study introduces magnolol as a potential therapeutic agent for bovine enterovirus by targeting gut microbiota modulation.

## Key findings

- BEV infection significantly reduced beneficial gut bacteria like Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus.
- Magnolol treatment reversed BEV-induced microbiota changes and reduced viral load in mice.
- Fecal microbiota transplantation from magnolol-treated mice decreased BEV in the small intestine.

## Abstract

Bovine enterovirus (BEV) infection is one of the important infectious diseases that cause digestive and respiratory symptoms in cattle, posing a significant threat to the cattle industry. Currently, no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are available for this disease. In our study, we utilized a mouse model to investigate the effects of BEV infection on the gut microbiota and examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol (Mag), a polyphenolic bioactive substance, in terms of BEV infection. BEV infection significantly altered the microbiota composition, where the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, was markedly reduced. Mag effectively inhibited BEV infection in vivo. Upon BEV infection, Mag treatment reduced the α-diversity of the microbiota, with statistically significant differences on day 3 post-infection compared to the Mag-untreated group. More interestingly, Mag treatment significantly reversed the effect of BEV infection on the Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus abundance, indicating that Mag positively regulates beneficial bacteria. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment demonstrated that feces from Mag-treated mice significantly decreased the virus loads in the small intestine samples of BEV-infected mice. These findings demonstrate the interaction between BEV infection and the gut microbiota and highlight the important regulatory role of the gut microbiota in Mag’s anti-BEV effects, opening up a new avenue for preventing and controlling BEV infection via targeted modulation of the gut microbiota.