# Occurrence of Aspergillus spp. in Parrot Feeds on the Polish Market: The Potential Health Threat of Aspergillosis and Mycotoxicosis for Exotic Pet Birds, a Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This study found that many parrot feeds in Poland are contaminated with harmful molds like Aspergillus, which can cause serious health issues in birds.

## Contribution

The study is the first to report high Aspergillus contamination in Polish parrot feeds, highlighting a previously overlooked health risk.

## Key findings

- Aspergillus spp. were found in 72.7% of 22 tested parrot feed samples.
- Mold contamination was observed even in more expensive feed products.
- The presence of Aspergillus fumigatus poses a significant respiratory risk to birds.

## Abstract

Many people feed their pet parrots with commercially available grain mixtures, assuming they are safe and healthy. However, our study found that these feeds can be contaminated with mold, including fungi that may cause serious respiratory illness in birds. We examined 22 popular parrot feeds sold in Poland and found mold in nearly three out of four samples. The most common fungi belonged to the group known as Aspergillus, which can lead to dangerous infections in birds. One of the species we found, Aspergillus fumigatus, is especially harmful because its tiny spores can access deep areas of a bird’s lungs. Surprisingly, we also found mold in some more expensive feeds, showing that a higher price does not always mean better quality. Currently, there are no clear safety rules or limits for mold in parrot feed. Our findings suggest that there is an urgent need for better control of feed production and greater awareness among parrot owners, breeders, and veterinarians. Feeding pet birds clean, high-quality food is essential for protecting their health and well-being. We hope this study encourages further research and leads to the development of safety standards for bird feed.

A lack of awareness among exotic bird owners regarding the quality of feed may contribute to adverse health outcomes, including toxicosis, systemic mycoses, and potentially neoplastic processes. Fungi of the Aspergillus genus are the most pathogenic to avian species, particularly due to their involvement in respiratory diseases such as aspergillosis, which affects the air sacs. This study aims to assess the presence of Aspergillus spp. in commercially available parrot feed (grain mixtures) available on the Polish pet market, considering different price categories. A total of 22 dry parrot food samples were analyzed using the PN-ISO 21527-2:2009 protocol. Aspergillus spp. colonies were isolated from 16 out of 22 samples (72.7%), indicating a high incidence of contamination. Although these results are preliminary, they highlight a microbiological risk associated with grain-based parrot feeds and underscore the need for stricter quality control and greater awareness among pet owners and manufacturers.