# Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib and Vedolizumab Combination for Refractory Orofacial Granulomatosis Associated with Panenteric Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A 26-year-old woman with Crohn's disease and orofacial granulomatosis was successfully treated with Upadacitinib and later Vedolizumab, offering hope for this rare condition.

## Contribution

First reported case of orofacial granulomatosis successfully treated with Upadacitinib and Vedolizumab combination.

## Key findings

- Upadacitinib led to complete resolution of oral ulcers in a patient with refractory orofacial granulomatosis.
- Combining Vedolizumab with Upadacitinib resulted in sustained clinical benefit for both oral and intestinal disease.
- The treatment combination was well-tolerated and effective over six months of follow-up.

## Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: Orofacial granulomatosis is a rare but often disabling condition potentially associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pathogenesis is not well understood, and no disease-specific approved treatment exists to date. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old woman with pan-enteric Crohn’s disease developed buccal swelling and deep oral ulcers histologically confirmed as associated orofacial granulomatosis. Multiple therapies were attempted during her life, including systemic steroids and immunomodulator drugs as Thalidomide, Adalimumab, and Ustekinumab in combination with topical steroid injections and Cyclosporin application, with no or minimal benefit. Only Infliximab showed good efficacy, but it was suspended due to side effects. Following secondary loss of response to Ustekinumab, compassionate treatment with Upadacitinib, a recently developed oral Jak-1 selective inhibitor, resulted in the complete resolution of the oral ulcers. Moreover, after the 12-week induction phase and the transition to 30 mg/daily maintenance dosage, the oral disease remained controlled. Due to the clinical recurrence of Crohn’s disease, Vedolizumab was added as associated treatment, resulting in complete clinical benefit after six months of follow-up. Conclusions: This is a unique case of orofacial granulomatosis associated with pan-enteric Crohn’s disease successfully treated with Upadacitinib. More data are needed to explore its potential benefits in this clinical condition.