# Development of Diallyl Phthalate-Filled Ceramic Shell Self-Healing Capsules for High-Temperature Polymer Composites

## TL;DR

Researchers developed self-healing capsules for high-temperature composites using ceramic shells filled with a heat-resistant resin.

## Contribution

A novel self-healing system using diallyl phthalate-filled ceramic capsules for high-temperature polymer composites was developed.

## Key findings

- Diallyl phthalate resin functions as a healing agent up to approximately 340 °C.
- Epoxy matrix composites achieved up to 69% healing efficiency in the first cycle.
- DAP matrix composites showed 63.5% healing efficiency in the first cycle.

## Abstract

In this study, a production method for ceramic shell macrocapsules and a high-temperature-resistant, polymer agent-based self-healing system was developed. Two types of macrocapsules were created by filling hollow ceramic capsules with high-temperature-resistant diallyl phthalate (DAP) resin, known for its thermal stability, and a peroxide-based curing agent. These capsules were incorporated into epoxy and DAP matrix materials to develop polymer composite materials with self-healing properties The macrocapsules were produced by coating polystyrene (PS) sacrificial foam beads with raw ceramic slurry, followed by sintering to convert the liquid phase into a solid ceramic shell. Moreover, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and DSC analyses were performed. According to the thermal analysis results, DAP resin can effectively function as a healing agent up to approximately 340 °C. In addition, quasi-static compression tests were applied to composite specimens. After the first cycle, up to 69% healing efficiency was obtained in the epoxy matrix composite and 63.5% in the DAP matrix composite. Upon reloading, the second-cycle performance measurements showed healing efficiencies of 56% for the DAP matrix composite and 58% for the epoxy matrix composite.