# Cognitive Analytic Therapy for Functional/Dissociative Seizures in an Adolescent: Case Report and Mixed-Methods Single-Case Evaluation

## TL;DR

This case study shows that cognitive analytic therapy can help reduce functional/dissociative seizures in adolescents, but long-term effects need more research.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates the potential of brief cognitive analytic therapy for treating functional/dissociative seizures in adolescents.

## Key findings

- CAT increased recognition and revision of target problems, including cessation of seizures.
- Psychological wellbeing improved after therapy but not sustained at follow-up.
- Four specific changes were observed during and after the therapy sessions.

## Abstract

Background and clinical significance: Functional/dissociative seizures (FDSs) in adolescents are paroxysmal events which superficially resemble epileptic seizures or syncope. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brief cognitive analytic therapy (CAT). Case presentation: The patient was a 17-year-old white cisgender male with a diagnosis of non-epileptic attack disorder. The functional/dissociative seizures were treated with 8-session CAT, with follow-up at 5 weeks. Two target problems (TPs) and associated target problem procedures (TPPs) were rated for recognition and revision at each session and at follow-up. An A-B-C-FU single-case experimental evaluation of the TP/TPPs was conducted. Nomothetic outcome measures (DES-2 and RCADS) were administered at session 1, session 8, and at follow-up, and the YP-CORE and the Session Rating Scale were completed at each session. The patient was independently interviewed using the Change Interview 13 weeks after completing therapy. The results show that CAT effectively increased the recognition and revision of TPs/TPPs, four specific changes occurred (including cessation of functional seizures). There were pre–post reliable and clinically significant improvements to psychological wellbeing, but these were not maintained at follow-up. Conclusions: This study indicates that CAT was a partially effective intervention. The use of CAT as a treatment for FND in adolescents holds promise, but more research is needed.