# Bioadhesive Eudragit RL®100 Nanocapsules for Melanoma Therapy: A Repurposing Strategy for Propranolol

## TL;DR

This study explores using nanocapsules to deliver propranolol topically for melanoma treatment, aiming to reduce side effects and improve effectiveness.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in repurposing propranolol via Eudragit RL®100 nanocapsules for targeted, sustained topical melanoma therapy.

## Key findings

- Nanocapsules achieved 81% encapsulation efficiency with sustained drug release.
- Nanoencapsulated propranolol showed enhanced antioxidant activity and reduced melanoma cell viability.
- Formulations significantly inhibited melanoma cell migration in vitro.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous melanoma is a potent neoplasm whose advancement is linked to catecholamine-induced angiogenesis through β-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol (PROP), a non-selective β-blocker, holds potential in oncology, but its systemic side effects restrict its viability. This study aims to nanoencapsulate PROP in Eudragit RL®100 polymeric nanocapsules for topical melanoma treatment. Methods: Nanocapsules were created through interfacial deposition of preformed polymer and characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, pH, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro evaluations include release profile, antioxidant activity, bioadhesiveness, hemolysis, cytotoxicity, and antitumor effect on melanoma cells. Additionally, migration assays were conducted. Results: The nanocapsules displayed an acidic pH, an average size of 151 nm, and a positive zeta potential. An encapsulation efficiency of 81% was achieved, even with the hydrochloride form of the drug. The release profile exhibited sustained release of PROP, showcasing enhanced antioxidant activity in the nanoencapsulated form. The formulations also exhibited significant bioadhesion with mucin and an in vitro hemolysis rate over 50%, attributed to the cationic polymer and surfactants present. Moreover, in the cell viability assays, the NC-PROP formulations significantly reduced melanoma cell viability. In the migration assay, both the nanocapsules with and without the drug significantly inhibited cell migration, supporting the potential therapeutic benefits of these formulations. Conclusions: The nanoencapsulation of PROP in Eudragit RL®100 presents a viable strategy for topical treatment of cutaneous melanoma, enhancing release duration and reducing systemic effects. The assessments indicated distinct physical properties and substantial therapeutic potential.