# Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma mexicanum Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

## TL;DR

A study finds that compounds from Ganoderma mexicanum may help fight lung cancer by targeting a specific receptor.

## Contribution

The study identifies new bioactive compounds from Ganoderma mexicanum with antiproliferative effects and PPAR-γ interactions.

## Key findings

- Three chromatographic fractions showed significant antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cells.
- Four compounds, including a fatty acid and three triterpenes, were identified in active fractions.
- Molecular docking revealed interactions between the compounds and the PPAR-γ receptor.

## Abstract

Background/Objective: Ganoderma spp. have long been studied for their bioactive pharmacological properties, and their biomass and extracts have been obtained from various sources. This study adopts a novel approach: enriching a liquid culture of Ganoderma mexicanum with a vineyard pruning waste extract to identify bioactive compounds with antiproliferative activity through enriched chromatographic fractions. Methods: The ethanolic extract from a mycelial culture was separated following a partitioning process, and the hexane fraction was subsequently separated in a chromatographic column. The fractions were evaluated for their antiproliferative properties against cancer cell lines. The interactions of the molecules identified with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were analyzed via molecular docking. Results: Three chromatographic fractions (FH11–FH13) exhibited antiproliferative activity which was significantly more effective against non-small lung cancer cells (A549). The cells treated with the crude extract and fractions presented a balloon-like morphology. A chemical analysis of the active fractions allowed us to identify four compounds: one fatty acid (9-Hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid) and three triterpenes (ganoderic acids DM, TQ, and X). These compounds showed interactions with the PPAR-γ receptor through molecular docking. Conclusions: Ganoderma mexicanum is a promising source of compounds with antiproliferative activity that could serve as natural ligands for PPAR-γ and has possible applications in lung cancer therapy.