# A Back-to-Back Gap Waveguide-Based Packaging Structure for E-Band Radio Frequency Front-End

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a compact, high-performance E-band RF front-end packaging structure using back-to-back gap waveguides for improved communication systems.

## Contribution

The novel back-to-back gap waveguide structure enables large assembly tolerances, structural stacking, and integration of RF components for compact E-band modules.

## Key findings

- The structure operates in the 71–76 GHz and 81–86 GHz frequency ranges with low insertion loss and good return loss.
- Hybrid couplers provide high port isolation and function as power dividers/combiners without additional optimization.
- Integration with H-plane amplifiers increases module output power by 3 dB.

## Abstract

This paper presents our research on an E-band Radio Frequency (RF) front-end packaging structure based on back-to-back gap waveguide (GW). This design effectively mitigates the impact of air gaps on performance and offers the advantage of large assembly tolerances. Additionally, its back-to-back structure enables structural stacking, which can reduce the overall packaging size. In terms of functionality, the structure integrates hybrid couplers, bandpass filters, and amplifier packaging structures. Notably, the hybrid couplers provide high port isolation, facilitating a higher isolation duplex function by simply connecting high-order bandpass filters at the output ports without the need for additional optimization. Furthermore, these couplers also serve as power dividers/combiners. When combined with the H-plane amplifier packaging structures, the output power of the module is theoretically increased by 3 dB. Based on the measurements, the results indicate that this structure operates within the frequency ranges of 71–76 GHz and 81–86 GHz. The common port return loss is below 12 dB, while the in-band insertion loss is less than 2.26 dB and 2.42 dB, respectively. These findings demonstrate excellent electrical performance and suitability for E-band communication systems.