# Passive Frequency Tunability in Moiré-Inspired Frequency Selective Surfaces Based on Full-Wave Simulation

## TL;DR

This paper explores how rotating layers in a frequency-selective surface can change its resonant frequency without any active components.

## Contribution

The study introduces a passive method for frequency tuning using Moiré patterns in frequency-selective surfaces.

## Key findings

- Rotating hexagonal FSS layers shifts resonance frequency from 4.4 GHz to 1.2 GHz.
- Tunability is achieved through geometrical manipulation without active components.
- The method offers a low-complexity alternative to traditional active tuning techniques.

## Abstract

This paper presents a simulation-based investigation of passive frequency tunability in frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) enabled by Moiré pattern interference. By overlapping two identical hexagonal FSS layers and introducing rotational misalignment between them, we demonstrate that the resulting Moiré patterns induce significant shifts in the resonance frequency without any external bias or active components. Using full-wave simulations in HFSS, we show that rotating the second layer from 0° to 30° can shift the resonant frequency from 4.4 GHz down to 1.2 GHz. This tunable behavior emerges solely from geometrical manipulation, offering a low-complexity alternative to active tuning methods that rely on varactors or micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs). We discuss the theoretical basis for this tuning mechanism based on effective periodicity modulation via rotational interference and highlight potential applications in passive reconfigurable filters and refractive index sensors. The proposed approach provides a promising route for implementing tunable electromagnetic structures without compromising simplicity, power efficiency, or integration compatibility.