# Effect of high-intensity anaerobic exercise on electrocortical activity in athletes and non-athletes

## TL;DR

This study examines how high-intensity anaerobic exercise affects brain activity and attention in athletes and non-athletes.

## Contribution

The study reveals both chronic and acute effects of exercise on cortical activity and cognitive responses in trained and untrained individuals.

## Key findings

- Athletes showed chronic changes in cortical activity compared to non-athletes.
- High-intensity exercise caused acute changes in electrocortical and behavioral responses.
- Frontal and parietal electrodes showed significant group and moment effects.

## Abstract

The present study aims to verify the information processing in athletes through electroencephalography, analyze cortical areas responsible for cognitive functions related to attentional processing of visual stimuli, and investigate motor activity’s influence on cognitive aspects. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the acute effect of physical exercise after the high-intensity anaerobic effort, evaluating how a short-duration Wingate test influences cortical activity and attentional processing immediately following exertion.

The sample consisted of 29 subjects, divided into an experimental group (n = 13 modern pentathlon athletes) and a control group (n = 16 non-athletes). We collected the electrocortical activity before and after the Wingate Anaerobic Test. During the electrophysiological measures, the volunteers performed a saccadic eye movement paradigm. They also performed cognitive tasks, resting heart rate, and anthropometric measurements.

A mixed ANOVA was applied to analyze the statistical differences between groups (athletes and control) and moments (before and after exercise) for F3, F4, P3, and P4 electrodes during rest one and task (pre-stimulus GO). There was an interaction for the group vs. moment factors in F3 [F = 17,129; p = 0,000; η² = 0.512], F4 [F = 22,774; p = 0,000; η² = 0.510], P3 [F = 11,429; p = 0,001; η² = 0.405], and P4 electrodes [F = 18,651; p = 0,000; η² = 0.379]. We found the main effect for group factors in the frontal and parietal electrodes of the right hemisphere (F4 and P4) and a main effect of the moment factor on the frontal (F3 and F4) and parietal (P3 and P4) electrodes. There was an interaction between the group vs. moment factors for the reaction time. The groups were different in Peak Power (Watts/kg), Average Power (Watts/kg), Fatigue Index (%), and Maximum Power (ms).

We identified chronic effects of exercise training on the cortical activity of modern pentathlon athletes, read-through differences in absolute alpha power, and acute effects of a high-intensity exercise session for athletes and non-athletes for electrocortical and behavioral responses.