# Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance

## TL;DR

This paper explores lactylation, a new protein modification, and its role in health and disease, offering insights for potential therapies.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews lactylation mechanisms and its relevance to various diseases, highlighting novel therapeutic possibilities.

## Key findings

- Lactylation affects protein transcription and genetic information transmission.
- Lactylation occurs on both histone and non-histone proteins.
- Lactylation has diverse effects on health and disease, suggesting therapeutic potential.

## Abstract

Lactylation, referring to the covalent coupling of the lactyl group with lysine residues, is a recently defined post-translational modification. It has been demonstrated that lactylation can alter protein transcription, thereby affecting the transmission of genetic information and ultimately exerting diverse effects on health and diseases. Here, we review the existing literature and summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of lactylation on both histone and non-histone proteins. We hope to explore lactylation targets for different diseases, thus providing potential clues for new therapeutic strategies.