# UCA-YOLOv8n: a real-time and efficient fruit chunks detection algorithm for meal-assistance robot

## TL;DR

This paper introduces UCA-YOLOv8n, a fast and accurate algorithm for detecting fruit chunks in meal-assistance robots.

## Contribution

The novel integration of the UIB module, CA mechanism, and ADown module improves detection accuracy while reducing model size.

## Key findings

- UCA-YOLOv8n reduces model size by 1.9 MB and parameter count by 2.5 GFLOPs.
- The algorithm improves mAP50 and mAP50-95 by 2.1% and 3.3%, respectively.
- UCA-YOLOv8n outperforms other mainstream detection algorithms in accuracy and efficiency.

## Abstract

The advancement of assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities has increased the demand for efficient and accurate object detection algorithms, particularly in meal-assistance robots designed to identify and handle food items such as fruit chunks. However, existing algorithms for fruit chunk detection often suffer from prolonged inference times and insufficient accuracy.

We propose an improved YOLOv8n algorithm optimized for real-time, high-accuracy fruit chunk detection. The Universal Inverted Bottleneck (UIB) module has been integrated into the original C2f structure, significantly reducing the model’s parameter count while preserving detection accuracy. Furthermore, the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism has been incorporated into the detection head to enhance the focus on fruit chunk regions within complex backgrounds while suppressing irrelevant features, thus improving detection performance. Additionally, the ADown module from YOLOv9 has been embedded into the YOLOv8 backbone network, further increasing accuracy and reducing the number of parameters.

Experimental results indicate that these enhancements substantially improve detection accuracy while reducing model size. Specifically, the optimized model achieves a 1.9 MB reduction in size, a decrease of 2.5 GFLOPs in parameter count, and an increase in mAP50 and mAP50-95 by 2.1% and 3.3%, respectively. The improved algorithm (UCA-YOLOv8n) enables real-time, accurate detection of various fruit chunks. Comparative analyses with other mainstream object detection algorithms further demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.