# Development and Evaluation of a 3D Motion Capture Model for Upper Extremity Kinematics During Wheelchair Maneuvering in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This pilot study developed a reliable motion capture model to assess upper extremity movement in wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new marker-based motion capture model for analyzing wheelchair propulsion kinematics in individuals with SCI.

## Key findings

- The motion capture model showed good test–retest reliability for 12–13 of 15 movement parameters.
- Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.596 to 0.981 across different movement parameters.
- The model is promising but requires further validation due to a small sample size.

## Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often necessitates the use of a manual wheelchair, which can overload the shoulders and contribute to upper extremity (UE) pain. Currently, no standardized methods exist to assess UE kinematics during wheelchair propulsion. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a marker-based motion capture model for analyzing UE movement during wheelchair use, with a secondary goal of assessing test–retest reliability. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) development of the motion analysis model and (2) reliability testing. Eleven participants with SCI were included. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) across 15 movement parameters, including total range of motion and minimum and maximum movement values. The model demonstrated good test–retest reliability. For minimum movement, 12 of 15 parameters were significant (ICC = 0.681–0.965). For maximum movement, 13 of 15 were significant (ICC = 0.726–0.981). For total range of motion, 12 of 15 showed significant reliability (ICC = 0.596–0.952). In conclusion, the motion capture model showed promising reliability for assessing UE kinematics during wheelchair maneuvering in individuals with SCI. However, due to the small sample size, further research is needed to validate and refine the model.