# Use of complementary medicine and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among US adults

## TL;DR

This study found that using complementary medicine in the US is not generally linked to getting the COVID-19 or flu vaccine, but specific types of complementary medicine users are more or less likely to be vaccinated.

## Contribution

The study reveals distinct associations between specific complementary medicine practices and vaccination uptake, despite overall use not being predictive.

## Key findings

- Visiting chiropractors or naturopaths was linked to lower vaccination rates for both COVID-19 and flu.
- Acupuncture and mind-body medicine were associated with higher vaccination rates for both diseases.
- The overall pattern of complementary medicine use was similar for both vaccines.

## Abstract

This study investigated the association between complementary medicine (CM) use and the uptake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and flu vaccines in a nationally representative US sample. A secondary analysis of the 2022 National Health Interview Survey data indicated that, after accounting for potential confounders, overall use of CM was not a significant predictor of COVID-19 (p = 0.745) or flu vaccination uptake (p = 0.123). However, vaccination uptake was lower for both COVID-19 and flu vaccines, respectively, in individuals who visited chiropractors (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.69, 0.89], p < 0.001; AOR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.63, 0.81], p < 0.001) and naturopaths (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.51, 0.86], p = 0.002; AOR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.55, 0.94], p = 0.017). Uptake rates for both COVID-19 and flu vaccines were higher among individuals who visited an acupuncturist (COVID-19: AOR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.15, 1.86], p = 0.002; flu: AOR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.08, 1.63], p = 0.008). The use of mind–body medicine was associated with increased likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination uptake (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.08, 1.42], p = 0.002), but not flu vaccination (p = 0.264). Visiting a massage therapist was not a significant predictor of either COVID-19 or flu vaccine uptake (p = 0.128 and p = 0.232, respectively). Overall, the pattern of associations between CM use and COVID-19 vaccination uptake was comparable to that of flu vaccination uptake.