# Constitutive Promoters Functional in Plant, Fungal, and Bacterial Hosts

## TL;DR

This paper identifies promoters that work across plants, fungi, and bacteria, enabling universal gene expression for biotech applications.

## Contribution

The study discovers constitutive promoters functional in multiple host organisms, including plants, fungi, and bacteria.

## Key findings

- Composite promoters drive strong constitutive expression in N. tabacum, S. cerevisiae, E. coli, and A. tumefaciens.
- Some promoters function only in eukaryotic hosts like plants and fungi.
- These promoters can be used in universal vectors for biotechnological tasks requiring host switching.

## Abstract

Engineering of orthogonal
systems functional across diverse
hosts
can benefit from employing universal regulatory DNA elements. Here,
we screened a number of composite promoters in plant, fungal, and
bacterial hosts, identifying variants that drive strong constitutive
expression in Nicotiana tabacum, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or only in the eukaryotic subset
of these organisms. These promoters can be used in universal vectors
to co-optimize for different hosts in directed evolution, engineering
of biosynthetic pathways, or other biotechnological tasks that require
host switching.