# Temperature Changes of NaOCl after Irrigation Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation, Easy Clean, and XP-Endo Finisher: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

## TL;DR

This study compared how different root canal irrigation techniques affect the temperature of a cleaning solution, finding similar temperature increases across methods.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence on temperature changes caused by various irrigation techniques in root canal treatments.

## Key findings

- All activation techniques increased the temperature of NaOCl beyond baseline levels.
- Temperature increases were similar across PUI, EC, and XP methods.
- No significant difference in temperature was found between the control and experimental groups.

## Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature changes of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after the use of different activation techniques: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP-Endo Finisher (XP), and Easy Clean (EC).

Thirty patients were selected for this randomized crossover study and each patient received root canal treatment in maxillary incisor. Each tooth was subjected to three activation techniques in a random order in the final irrigation of the treatment. All irrigation was performed using a 2.5% NaOCl solution, with the solution's temperature stabilized at 21°C (baseline) in the syringe. No agitation was used as a control before the use of the devices. After each activation technique, the intracanal temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests.

Temperatures remain in the range of 21.0 to 21.2°C at baseline and were higher in the control (29.5–34.1°C), PUI (29.9–34.2°C), EC (29.8–35.6°C), and XP (29.9–34.7°C) groups. The temperature average of the baseline period was inferior to those observed in all groups; moreover, despite of temperature changes among the control and all experimental groups no difference between them were identified.

The temperature increase caused by activation with PUI, EC, and XP was similar and did not exceed the levels observed when no agitation was performed.