# Association of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms (rs6180, rs6182, rs6184) with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion and Prognathic Mandibles in the Deutero-Malay Race

## TL;DR

This study finds that a specific genetic variation in the growth hormone receptor gene is linked to a type of jaw misalignment in the Deutero-Malay race.

## Contribution

The study identifies a novel association between GHR gene polymorphism rs6180 and skeletal class III malocclusion in the Deutero-Malay population.

## Key findings

- The rs6180 AC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with skeletal class III malocclusion (p = 0.023, odds ratio = 1.667).
- The rs6180 polymorphism may influence mandibular growth in the anteroposterior direction among the Deutero-Malay race.

## Abstract

Objective
 A prognathic mandible, characterized by the anterior protrusion of the mandible, is often associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Polymorphisms rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184 in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene are thought to influence the development of this condition among various races. This study explores the link between these GHR gene polymorphisms and class III skeletal malocclusion in individuals with prognathic mandibles within the Deutero-Malay race.

Materials and Methods
 Saliva samples from 104 participants were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. The association between GHR polymorphisms and malocclusion phenotype was examined using the chi-square statistical method.

Results
 Significant differences were observed in the rs6180 AC and CC genotypes between control and outcome groups, with a
p
-value of 0.023 and an odds ratio of 1.667, suggesting a notable association.

Discussion
 The rs6180 polymorphism in the GHR gene appears to alter protein structure and function, promoting mandibular growth in the anteroposterior direction among the Deutero-Malay race.

Conclusion
 The rs6180 polymorphism in the GHR gene is significantly associated with the occurrence of skeletal class III malocclusion accompanied by prognathic mandibles in the Deutero-Malay race.