# A Benign Renal Tumor With Serious Consequences: A Case Report of Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor and Chronic Renal Disease in a Teenager

## TL;DR

A teenage girl with a rare benign kidney tumor causing severe high blood pressure and kidney damage is reported, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.

## Contribution

This case report adds a rare pediatric instance of Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor and its complications to the medical literature.

## Key findings

- A 15-year-old female presented with JGCT causing severe hypertension and hypokalemia.
- Post-surgery, renin and aldosterone levels normalized, but chronic kidney disease persisted.
- The case emphasizes the need for early detection to prevent irreversible kidney damage.

## Abstract

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT), or reninoma, is a rare benign renal neoplasm. It is characterized by severe hypertension and hypokalemia due to excessive renin produced from the juxtaglomerular apparatus on the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus. Herein, we report a case of JGCT in a 15-year-old female who presented with severe hypertension. She was found to have elevated levels of renin and aldosterone with hypokalemia and she responded to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). Abdominal MRI demonstrated a 4-cm left renal tumor. A radical nephrectomy was performed, and histology showed a well-circumscribed tumor consisting of sheets of polygonal to ovoid cells consistent with a JGCT. After surgery, the renin and aldosterone levels normalized, and blood pressure was controlled with small dose of ACEi medication. Unfortunately, the patient remained in Stage III chronic kidney failure due to the longstanding damage of uncontrolled hypertension prior to the diagnosis. We hereby review the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis.