# Encrusted Cystitis in a Child Without Predisposing Factors: A Case Report and Literature Review

## TL;DR

A six-year-old girl with no known risk factors was diagnosed with rare encrusted cystitis, and her symptoms improved after treatment.

## Contribution

This case report highlights bladder and bowel dysfunction as a potential risk factor for encrusted cystitis in children without typical predisposing factors.

## Key findings

- The patient was diagnosed with encrusted cystitis after tests revealed bladder wall calcification and Proteus mirabilis infection.
- Symptoms resolved following antibiotic treatment and transurethral resection of bladder calcification.
- The case suggests bladder and bowel dysfunction may contribute to encrusted cystitis in children without traditional risk factors.

## Abstract

A six-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with rectal prolapse, urinary frequency, urinary stone drainage, and recurrent febrile urinary tract infections. A urinary culture identified Proteus mirabilis, and an ultrasonography demonstrated mucosal calcification of the bladder wall, leading to the diagnosis of encrusted cystitis. Antibiotic administration and transurethral resection of bladder calcification were performed, and her symptoms gradually disappeared. Encrusted cystitis is extremely rare in childhood and is frequently observed in patients with post-renal transplantation, urological interventions, and immunosuppressive status. She did not have these predisposing factors; thus, bladder and bowel dysfunction may be a potential risk factor for encrusted cystitis.