# Trend of electroconvulsive therapy use and its relationships with clinical characteristics from a large psychiatric center in China

## TL;DR

This study examines how often electroconvulsive therapy is used in a Chinese psychiatric center over six years and finds it's associated with certain patient characteristics.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into ECT usage trends and associated clinical factors in a large psychiatric center in China.

## Key findings

- ECT was used by 10% of inpatients, with an average of 10.3 sessions.
- ECT use was linked to factors like being married, unemployed, and having emergency referrals.
- ECT usage decreased annually, especially in 2020 due to the pandemic.

## Abstract

Recent studies on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have reported inconsistent frequencies of ECT use in various countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trends of ECT use in a large psychiatric center in China over 6 consecutive years.

A total of 22,120 inpatients, aged 18–59 years, admitted during the period 2015–2020 to a large grade-A tertiary psychiatric center in Beijing were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinical data including vital signs; daily living abilities(ADL); emergency referrals; psychiatric and physical prescriptions were collected from an electronic medical records system.

In all, 2,213 (10.0%) inpatients received ECT, with an average number of sessions of 10.3 ± 6.6. There were no significant differences between the ECT and non-ECT groups in terms of educational level, marital status, length of hospital stay, and blood pressure. After using the propensity score matching (PSM) method, Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ECT use was independently associated with married/cohabitating (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.43); few hospitalizations (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99); unemployed (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16-1.76); emergency referral (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.36-1.93); increased use of antipsychotics (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.88-3.68), mood stabilizers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67), antidepressants (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.73), and trihexyphenidyl (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.50); reduced use of hypoglycemic drugs (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.83); fast heart rate (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02); and severe impairments in ADL. Compared with that in 2015 (13.2%), ECT use decreased annually from 2016 (12.4%) to 2019 (9.6%), especially in 2020 (5.7%), given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

The ECT usage and year-by-year decrease in ECT use in this study were consistent with the recent trends in other regions. Patients with the married/cohabitating, unemployed, and emergency-referral, unstable vital signs, more severe disability received ECT for quick alleviation of their conditions.