# Patellar tendon adaptations to resistance training in young women using combined oral contraceptives

## TL;DR

This study found that using birth control pills does not change how young women's knee tendons respond to resistance training.

## Contribution

The study is the first to show that combined oral contraceptives do not interfere with patellar tendon adaptation to resistance training in young women.

## Key findings

- Resistance training increased maximal isometric strength by about 11% in both OC and NOC groups.
- Patellar tendon cross-sectional area increased slightly in both groups without OC-related differences.
- Tendon stiffness and shear wave velocity improved with training but were not affected by OC use.

## Abstract

The study aimed to examine the impact of combined oral contraceptive pill (OC) use on patellar tendon (PT) adaptation to resistance training in young women.

Fifteen users of OC (28 ± 3 years) (OC group) and 17 eumenorrheic non-users (32 ± 5 years) (NOC group) performed heavy resistance training of the knee extensors over a period equivalent to three menstrual or pill cycles. Maximal isometric strength of the knee extensor muscles, PT cross-sectional area (CSA), tensile stiffness, and shear wave velocity (SWV) were measured before and after the intervention using combined ultrasonography and dynamometry.

The training period increased maximal isometric strength in both groups (≈11%, P < 0.001) with no significant interaction with OC use (p = 0.965). Likewise, a small yet significant increase in proximal tendon CSA was observed (1.5 ± 1.6% for both groups, main training effect P < 0.001) without any significant interaction with OC use (p = 0.267). Tendon tensile stiffness also increased significantly (18.9 ± 26.3% in the OC group and 28.2 ± 35.1% in the NOC group, main effect: P < 0.001) but was not significantly affected by OC use (interaction effect: p = 0.428). Tendon SWV measurements yielded similar results, indicating a main effect of training (+12% on average, p = 0.024) but no significant interaction with OC use.

These findings suggest that OC use does not affect the increase in PT CSA and mechanical properties following short-term resistance training in young untrained females.