Aggressive leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity: a rare case report

TL;DR

A rare case of aggressive oral cavity leiomyosarcoma in a 41-year-old male highlights the need for early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.

Contribution

This paper presents a rare clinical case of oral cavity leiomyosarcoma with detailed diagnostic and treatment insights.

Findings

Leiomyosarcoma was confirmed via biopsy after initial misdiagnosis as a benign leiomyoma.

Imaging revealed aggressive features, including cortical bone lysis, indicating malignancy.

The case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis for improved prognosis.

Abstract

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of smooth muscle, typically found in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. Its occurrence in the oral cavity is extremely rare due to limited smooth muscle presence. Diagnosis relies on histopathology, and treatment involves wide surgical resection with adjuvant therapy. A 41-year-old male presented with a progressive gingivomandibular swelling for 1 year. He had previously undergone excision of a gingival lesion diagnosed as leiomyoma, which recurred after 1 year. Examination revealed a firm, non-bleeding mass from teeth 37 to 44, with hypoesthesia in the left labiomental region and mobility of the incisivocanine complex. Imaging showed aggressive features, including cortical bone lysis at the symphysis, suggesting malignancy. A biopsy confirmed leiomyosarcoma, and further imaging ruled out metastases or another primary tumor. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive treatment for optimal prognosis.

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