Correction: Longitudinal association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes: findings from the KORA F4/FF4 study
Liye Lai, Dave Laurence Juntilla, Monica Del C. Gomez-Alonso, Harald Grallert, Barbara Thorand, Aiman Farzeen, Wolfgang Rathmann, Juliane Winkelmann, Holger Prokisch, Christian Gieger, Christian Herder, Annette Peters, Melanie Waldenberger
Abstract
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsEpigenetics and DNA Methylation
Correction to: Cardiovascular Diabetology (2025) 24:19 10.1186/s12933-024-02558-8
In the original publication of this article [1], the author noticed the following errors in author names, figure captions and Table 1. The original article has been updated.
The author’s name “Monica Del C Gomez-Alonso” was incorrectly identified as two separate individuals “Monica Del and C Gomez-Alonso”.
Fig. 1 Illustration of the selection criteria for study participants and CpG sites included in the analysis.
Fig. 2 Miami plot illustrating EWAS results associated with T2D. The x axis indicates the chromosome location, and the y-axis represents the −log10 (p-value). The Bonferroni threshold of 1.34×10^−7^ is marked by a red dashed line, while the Benjamini–Hochberg (FDR) threshold (p_FDR < 0.05) is indicated by a blue solid line. The upper side represents the positive estimates, and the lower side represents the negative estimates.
Fig. 3 Volcano plots illustrating the results for glycemic traits. The x axis indicates the effect size, and the y-axis represents the −log10 (p-value). The Bonferroni threshold of p=1.34×10^−7^ is marked by a red dashed line, while the Benjamini–Hochberg (FDR) threshold (p_FDR < 0.05) is indicated by a blue dashed line. (A) Volcano plot for FPG. (B) Volcano plot for HbA1c. (C) Volcano plot for HOMA-B. (D) Volcano plot for HOMA-IR.
Fig. 4 Line plots illustrating the rate of methylation change over time for the NGT and T2D groups. The red and blue line represents the individuals with NGT and T2D, respectively. (A) cg19693031 (TXNIP); (B) cg00574958 (CPT1A); (C) cg15418499 (IL18); (D) cg20507228 (MAN2A2).
Fig. 5 Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of CpG sites (with annotated gene names) in the sensitivity analysis. The light cyan colour represents the number of significant CpG sites associated with T2D in the main analysis with all individuals. The greyish-yellow colour represents the number of significant CpG sites associated with T2D in the extended models with all individuals. The light pink colour represents the number of significant CpG sites associated with T2D from individuals with repeated methylation measurements at two time points.
Fig. 6 Volcano plots illustrating the association between DNA methylation and changing diabetes status over time. The x axis indicates the effect size, and the y-axis represents the −log10 (p-value). The Bonferroni threshold of 2.27×10^−3^ is marked by a red dashed line, while the Benjamini–Hochberg (FDR) threshold (p_FDR < 0.05) is indicated by a blue dashed line. (A) Volcano plot for the persistent prediabetes or T2D. (B) Volcano plot for the progression of diabetes.
In Table 1, there are two cohorts, each consisting of four columns. The column titled "T2D N=245" from “KORA F4” cohort has been mistakenly indicated as belonging to “KORA FF4” cohort by a line marker. The correct version of Table 1 has displayed below.
Table 1. Characteristics of the study populationCharacteristicsKORA F4KORA FF4All N = 1696NGT N = 1113PrediabetesN = 338T2D N = 245All N = 1805NGT N = 1262Prediabetes N = 304T2D N = 239Age (years)61 (14)58 (14)65 (14)67 (10)58 (18)54.5 (16)63 (16)68 (13.5)Male (%)828 (48.8%)499 (44.8%)184 (54.4%)145 (59.2%)868 (48.1%)554 (43.9%)172 (56.6%)142 (59.4%)BMI (kg/m^2^)27.5 (5.8)26.2(5.2)29.3 (5.7)30.7(6.7)27.0 (6.2)26.0 (5.4)29.2 (5.2)30.4 (7.2) Smoking Never smoker710 (41.9%)460 (41.3%)156 (46.2%)94 (38.4%)746 (41.3%)522 (41.4%)118 (38.8%)106 (44.4%)Former smoker737 (43.5%)462 (41.5%)156 (46.2%)119 (48.6%)766 (42.4%)517 (41.0%)138 (45.4%)111 (46.4%)Current smoker247 (14.6%)189 (17.0%)26 (7.7%)32 (13.1%)293 (16.2%)223 (17.7%)48 (15.8%)22 (9.2%)Hypertension (%)772 (45.5%)377 (33.9%)198 (58.6%)197 (80.4%)646 (35.8%)317 (25.1%)159 (52.3%)170 (71.1%)Fasting glucose5.4 (0.9)5.2 (0.6)5.8 (0.9)6.9 (1.9)5.4 (0.9)5.2 (0.6)6.1 (0.8)7.2 (2.0)HOMA-IR2.2 (1.8)1.9 (1.3)3.1 (2.5)5.1 (4.0)2.1 (1.9)1.8 (1.4)3.5 (2.2)4.8 (4.2)HOMA-beta102.0 (65.7)101.0 (62.7)110.0 (79.0)93.5 (97.4)94.8 (65.5)93.1 (61.0)110.0 (87.7)102. (70.3)HbA1c37.0 (6.0)36.0 (5.0)38.5 (5.0)46.0 (12.0)36.0 (6.0)34.0 (5.0)38.0 (5.0)45.0 (10.8)HDL-cholesterol1.4 (0.5)1.5 (0.5)1.3 (0.5)1.2 (0.4)1.6 (0.7)1.7 (0.7)1.5 (0.6)1.4 (0.5)Triglycerides1.3 (0.9)1.1 (0.8)1.5 (1.0)1.7 (1.2)1.2 (0.8)1.1 (0.7)1.5 (1.0)1.6 (1.2)Medication128.0 (7.6%)0 (0%)0 (0%)128 (52.2%)133 (7.4%)0 (0%)0 (0%)133 (55.6%) Parental history Yes380 (22.4%)239 (21.5%)71 (21.0%)70 (28.6%)501 (27.8%)314 (24.9%)94 (30.9%)93 (38.9%)No773 (45.6%)582 (52.3%)135 (39.9%)56 (22.9%)1131 (62.7%)844 (66.9%)177 (58.2%)110 (46.0%)Unknown254 (15.0%)159 (14.3%)53 (15.7%)42 (17.1%)173 (9.6%)104 (8.2%)33 (10.9%)36 (15.1%)Data are median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. The unit for both fasting glucose and HbA1c is mmol/mol. The unit for both HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides is mmol/l. Medication means the glucose-lowering medication