# Robot-assisted deep brain stimulation with intraoperative CT imaging and frameless registration module: a new gold-standard?

## TL;DR

This paper presents a robot-assisted method for deep brain stimulation that improves accuracy and reduces surgery time compared to traditional techniques.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a new surgical workflow combining a robot, frameless registration, and intraoperative CT for DBS implantation.

## Key findings

- Robot-assisted procedures offer improved accuracy and precision for DBS implantation.
- Intraoperative CT imaging enhances safety and efficiency during surgery.
- The workflow is a reproducible alternative to traditional frame-based methods.

## Abstract

Although stereotactic frame-based techniques remain widely used for deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation, robot-assisted procedures have demonstrated improved accuracy, enhanced precision, and reduced operative time. Our team has over two decades of experience in robot-assisted surgery and intraoperative imaging.

We detail our current surgical workflow for DBS implantation, combining the Neuromate robot (Renishaw), the NeuroLocate frameless registration module, and intraoperative cone-beam CT imaging using the O-Arm system (Medtronic).

This approach provides a safe, efficient, and reproducible alternative to traditional methods, supporting its broader adoption in modern functional neurosurgery.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00701-025-06581-w.