# Viral vector-based transient expression systems for plant biotechnology research at PUIs

## TL;DR

Viral vector systems offer a fast, low-cost way for undergraduate labs to conduct plant biotechnology research without needing advanced facilities.

## Contribution

This mini-review promotes viral vector-based transient expression as a novel, accessible tool for undergraduate research at PUIs.

## Key findings

- Viral vectors like TMV and Geminivirus enable gene expression in plants within 3–7 days.
- These systems require minimal equipment and fit well into undergraduate research and lab courses.
- They provide hands-on training in gene cloning, agroinfiltration, and chemical analysis for students.

## Abstract

Traditional stable genetic transformation in plant biotechnology remains largely inaccessible at many Primarily Undergraduate Institution (PUIs) due to high costs, long timelines, and specialized facility demands. Viral vector-based transient expression systems offer an efficient and accessible alternative method that enables meaningful undergraduate research within a single academic term. These systems utilize plant virus-derived vectors (e.g., TMV or Geminivirus) to transiently express target genes, producing detectable recombinant proteins within 3–7 days. Requiring only basic lab tools, they align well with Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs), lab courses, and capstone projects. Students gain practical experience in gene cloning, agroinfiltration, protein or metabolite chemical analysis, while faculty benefit from increased research capacity and funding potential. This mini-review highlights the advantages, implementation strategies, and funding opportunities of viral vector-based transient expression systems at PUIs, underscoring their value in expanding access to synthetic biology, plant-based biomanufacturing, and interdisciplinary STEM education.