# Impact of the soil layer on the soil microbial diversity and composition of Pinus yunnanensis at the Ailao Mountains subtropical forest

## TL;DR

This study explores how different soil layers affect microbial diversity and composition in a subtropical forest ecosystem.

## Contribution

The study identifies soil layer as the primary driver of microbial community structure in forest soils.

## Key findings

- Soil layer was the main factor influencing microbial communities, with sampling season having minimal impact.
- Bacterial and fungal communities showed distinct patterns across soil layers due to environmental heterogeneity.
- Fungi showed higher network complexity in upper soil layers, while bacteria showed the opposite trend.

## Abstract

Microbial communities residing in forest soils play crucial roles in decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients, making these ecosystems one of the most diverse habitats on Earth. However, the composition and function of these complex and diverse microbiomes across different soil layers remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected soil samples from various layers and analysed the bacterial and fungal community compositions in experimental forest ecosystems using sequencing techniques. Our findings revealed that the soil layer was the primary factor influencing microbial communities, whereas sampling season had only a marginal effect. The most prevalent bacterial phyla and fungal classes were Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Agaricomycetes. Owing to the heterogeneity of the soil layer environment, we observed distinct patterns in the bacterial and fungal microbiomes across different layers. Moreover, the soil layer affected the network complexity, with fungi exhibiting higher complexity in the upper layer, whereas bacteria showed the opposite trend. Additionally, the dominant bacterial and fungal taxa across all soil layers belonged predominantly to Acidobacteria and Agaricomycetes, respectively. These findings underscore the significance of soil layers in shaping soil microbial communities and highlight the composition and co-occurrence patterns of the microbial communities within these layers.