# A Three-Dimensional Target Localization Method for Satellite–Ground Bistatic Radar Based on a Geometry–Motion Cooperative Constraint

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new method for accurately locating targets in 3D using satellite-ground radar by combining geometry and motion constraints.

## Contribution

A novel 3D target localization method using geometry-motion cooperative constraints in satellite-ground bistatic radar.

## Key findings

- Ellipsoidal constraints from bistatic distance data improve localization accuracy.
- Combining azimuth data compresses the solution space into a 3D elliptical line.
- Simulation results confirm the method's effectiveness in determining 3D coordinates.

## Abstract

This paper investigates the three-dimensional target localization problem in satellite–ground bistatic radar. In conventional bistatic radar systems, passive receivers struggle to directly acquire the altitude information of the target, making it difficult to achieve effective three-dimensional target localization. This paper uses the bistatic distance data obtained after signal processing to construct ellipsoidal constraints, thereafter combining azimuth data to compress the position solution space into a three-dimensional elliptical line. Introducing the assumption of short-term linear uniform motion of the target, the target trajectory and elliptical line constraints are projected onto a two-dimensional plane, establishing an optimization model to determine the target trajectory parameters, ultimately yielding the target’s three-dimensional coordinates and completing the positioning process. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and performance of the proposed method.