# Bouncy Idea or Solid Practice? Exploring Industry Barriers in the Incorporation of Devulcanized Rubber into Compounds for Rubber Products

## TL;DR

This paper explores why devulcanized rubber is not widely adopted in industry despite its potential for sustainability.

## Contribution

The study identifies systemic barriers to using devulcanized rubber, emphasizing the need for coordinated solutions.

## Key findings

- Devulcanized rubber's inconsistent quality hinders its use in new rubber compounds.
- Lack of standardization and coordination among stakeholders is a major barrier.
- Regulatory misalignment limits market adoption of devulcanized rubber.

## Abstract

Devulcanization has the potential to help meet circular economy goals by recovering end-of-life rubber. However, the adoption of devulcanized rubber by manufacturers remains low at the industry level. Devulcanization value chains are complex and involve multiple stakeholders, including waste collectors, sorters, recyclers, compounders, manufacturers and regulatory bodies. This study investigated the barriers compounders and manufacturers face when incorporating devulcanized rubber into new compounds and identified primary underlying causes. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with compounders and manufacturers of tires and general rubber goods, focusing on the technical, market, institutional, and cultural factors related to incorporating recycled materials, specifically devulcanized rubber. From the results, we identified a number of barriers faced by the industry. A key barrier was the heterogeneity of devulcanized rubber, which made it more difficult to add to new rubber compounds with consistent quality. Other barriers included a lack of standardization and coordination, along with misaligned regulations that hamper the market adoption of devulcanized rubber. This implies that increasing the uptake of devulcanized rubber at the industry level will not be achieved through technological advancements alone or isolated market interventions; instead, it requires comprehensive, systemic solutions.