# Optimization of Nano-Tangeretin Recrystallization via Natural Surfactants in the Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a new method to create smaller, more effective nano-tangeretin particles using natural surfactants, which improved antioxidant activity.

## Contribution

A novel method combining natural surfactants and solvent–antisolvent precipitation to optimize nano-tangeretin production and enhance its antioxidant properties.

## Key findings

- Optimal conditions produced uniform nano-tangeretin particles with an average size of 428.73 ± 30.25 nm.
- Nano-tangeretin showed a 65.4% increase in DPPH radical inhibition compared to unprocessed powder.
- The method preserved tangeretin's chemical structure while improving bioactivity and dispersibility.

## Abstract

In this study, an improved method combining natural surfactants with a solvent–antisolvent precipitation technique was developed to prepare highly effective nano-sized tangeretin particles. Various natural surfactants were tested and compared, and the formulation was optimized using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design methodologies. The optimal preparation conditions were identified as follows: a tangeretin–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution concentration of 5.23 mg/mL, surfactant concentration of 4.72%, and a rotor diameter of 20 mm. Under these conditions, uniform nano-tangeretin particles with an average size of 428.73 ± 30.25 nm were successfully produced. The preparation process significantly reduced particle size without chemical structure of tangeretin, as confirmed by spectral analysis. Importantly, the free radical scavenging activity of the nano-tangeretin was markedly enhanced, showing 65.4% increase in DPPH radical inhibition compared to the unprocessed powder. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the bioactivity and dispersibility of tangeretin, providing a valuable strategy for the efficient utilization and industrial-scale production of bioactive compounds from natural resources.