# Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China

## TL;DR

This study found that fruit intake and a specific genetic variant interact to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

## Contribution

The study identifies a gene–diet interaction between fruit consumption and the CMIP rs2925979 polymorphism in relation to T2DM risk.

## Key findings

- Higher fruit intake was inversely associated with T2DM risk.
- The CMIP rs2925979 polymorphism modified the protective effect of fruit intake on T2DM.
- The protective effect was observed only in individuals with the T allele of rs2925979.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rural northern Chinese population, and to explore potential gene–diet interactions that may influence T2DM susceptibility. Methods: A total of 1747 participants (1138 with T2DM and 609 without) were included, using baseline data from a family-based cohort study in rural northern China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical history were collected via standardized questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were conducted according to standardized protocols. Based on findings from previous genome-wide association studies, several T2DM-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected for genotyping. Generalized linear models accounting for familial clustering were employed to examine the associations between dietary intake and T2DM risk, and to assess gene–diet interaction. Results: A significant inverse association was observed between fruit intake and T2DM risk. Furthermore, a significant interaction was found between fruit consumption and the CMIP rs2925979 polymorphism: the protective effect of higher fruit intake was evident among individuals carrying the T allele but not among those with the CC genotype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic variation may modify metabolic responses to dietary factors, particularly fruit intake. The results underscore the importance of considering gene–diet interactions in the prevention of T2DM.