# NiMn2O4 Ceramic with Bi2O3 as Ablating Aid with Laser Melting Deposition

## TL;DR

This paper studies how adding Bi2O3 to NiMn2O4 ceramics improves their electrical properties and reduces aging issues when produced using laser melting deposition.

## Contribution

The novel use of Bi2O3 as an ablating aid in laser melting deposition to enhance thermosensitive ceramic properties.

## Key findings

- Room-temperature resistance decreases with higher Bi2O3 content.
- Thermal constant ranges from 2870.1 to 3853.2 K with Bi2O3 addition.
- Resistance drifting is optimized to ∆R/R = 5.72% due to grain growth and densification.

## Abstract

NiMn2O4 thermosensitive ceramics using Bi2O3 as a low-temperature ablating aid were prepared by laser melting deposition. Analyzing the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the ceramics revealed important roles of Bi2O3. The room-temperature resistance decreased gradually with the increasing of the Bi2O3 content, the thermal constant of the ceramics varied from 2870.1 to 3853.2 K, and the activation energy varied from 0.2473 to 0.3320 eV. Furthermore, the alleviation of the aging issue was attributed to the grain growth and the densification of the ceramics due to the addition of Bi2O3 and the corresponding cationic redistribution. As a result, an optimized resistance drifting (∆R/R = 5.72%) of the ceramic was obtained with the addition of Bi2O3.