Serbian Healthcare Students’ Perceptions of and Readiness to Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study

TL;DR

Serbian healthcare students generally support the rights of people with intellectual disabilities but feel only moderately ready to care for them.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into healthcare students' perceptions and readiness to care for people with intellectual disabilities in Serbia.

Findings

Students recognized the rights of people with intellectual disabilities but showed moderate social distance.

Nursing students reported higher self-assessed competence than medical students.

Positive correlations were found between beliefs about rights and social distance, and between social distance and self-assessed competence.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The perspective from which future healthcare professionals view intellectual disabilities affects how people with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) are perceived and informs care policies and practices. This study aimed to assess healthcare science students’ perceptions of the rights of PWIDs, the students’ social distances toward PWIDs in healthcare, and the students’ competence in providing care, exploring differences by study programs and demographics and examining correlations between them. Methods: The convenience sample comprised 221 medical and 120 nursing students. A general questionnaire for obtaining sociodemographic data, the scale of beliefs about the rights of PWIDs in healthcare (BS), the scale of social distance toward PWIDs (SD), and the “self-assessment of competency (CS) to provide care for PWIDs” scale were used as students’ report measures. Results: The students’ scores on the BS, SD, and CS scales revealed that they generally recognized the rights of PWIDs in healthcare but expressed a moderate level of social distance and limited self-perceived competence in providing care. Medical students demonstrated slightly more progressive beliefs regarding the rights of PWIDs than nursing students (r = 0.12), while nursing students reported higher self-assessed competence levels (r = 0.19). A small gender-related difference was observed in social distance, with female students showing more favorable attitudes. Significant positive correlations were found between beliefs about the rights of PWIDs and social distance (p = 0.435; p < 0.01) and between social distance and self-assessed competence (p = 0.234, p < 0.01), suggesting that students who felt more competent tended to report less social distance. Conclusions: This study provides new data for understanding healthcare science students’ perceptions and readiness to care for PWIDs in the healthcare sector in Serbia. Namely, our students had moderately positive beliefs and a moderate social distance toward PWIDs and reported low competence in providing care.