# Occlusal splint effects on visual capacities in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD): a prospective interventional cohort study

## TL;DR

This study found that occlusal splints can improve certain visual abilities in TMD patients, particularly at specific jaw positions.

## Contribution

The study is the first to show a link between occlusal splint therapy and improved visual capacities in TMD patients.

## Key findings

- Occlusal splints improved visual abilities at maximum intercuspation and resting jaw positions after 6 months.
- No significant visual improvements were observed in the open-mouth position.
- One-year follow-up showed no further significant changes in visual capacities.

## Abstract

The temporomandibular joint system and visual apparatus seem to be correlated. Our study aimed to examine the potential effects of occlusal splints on visual capacities (accommodation and ocular convergence) in individuals with temporomandibular disorders, followed for a period of 6 months and 1 year, assessing changes over this timeframe.

Forty-two subjects were enrolled in a year-long study conducted at the Operative Unit of Odontostomatology of ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, in collaboration with the University of Milan, Italy. A gnathological examination was followed by an orthoptic assessment using the stick of Duane and measuring convergence and accommodation at three jaw positions at different time points (T0, T1, T2, T3).

After 6 months of occlusal splint therapy, an improvement in visual abilities at maximum intercuspation and resting positions was observed. In contrast, the open-mouth position did not yield statistically significant results. Further assessments at 1 year did not show significant changes. Occlusal splint therapy appears to positively influence visual capacities (in maximum intercuspation and resting positions). While the open-mouth position did not exhibit significant improvements.

Our study results highlight the importance of considering jaw positions in evaluating visual function, suggesting the possible integration of occlusal splints with an orthoptic assessment in comprehensive TMD management.