# Hilar Bile Duct Granuloma Misdiagnosed As Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report

## TL;DR

An elderly man from a schistosomiasis-endemic area was misdiagnosed with a bile duct cancer but actually had a granuloma caused by the parasite.

## Contribution

Highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing schistosomal granuloma from cholangiocarcinoma in endemic regions.

## Key findings

- The patient was initially diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on symptoms and imaging.
- Postoperative biopsy confirmed the presence of schistosomal granulomatous inflammation.
- The case emphasizes the importance of considering schistosomiasis in differential diagnoses in endemic areas.

## Abstract

Schistosomiasis is the second most common human parasitic infection after malaria. The granulomatous inflammatory damage to the liver caused by its eggs and the resulting liver fibrosis are the basic characteristics of schistosomiasis and also the main cause of death. We report an elderly male patient from an endemic area who presented with abdominal distension and jaundice. He was initially diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but postoperative biopsy indicated schistosomal granulomatous inflammation. This case has provided us with a deeper understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of hilar schistosomal granuloma.