# A tailored nanocarrier DMON and CpGs synergistically drive the formulation of a highly immunogenic and long-acting vaccine against echinococcosis

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a long-lasting, highly effective nanovaccine against echinococcosis using a tailored nanocarrier and CpG adjuvants.

## Contribution

A novel nanovaccine combining DMON and CpGs was created, showing superior long-term immune responses compared to existing vaccines.

## Key findings

- The nanovaccine induced stronger and longer-lasting IgG1 antibody and Th1 cytokine responses than Quil-A-based vaccines.
- The DMON + pCpG combination showed better adjuvant activity during the late immune response phase (42–84 days).
- The nanocarrier and vaccine were found to be biodegradable and biosafe.

## Abstract

Hydatid disease (echinococcosis) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and livestock production. To develop a safer, more effective vaccine with an exceptionally long-lasting immune response, we employed an ‘all-in-one’ strategy to construct a nanovaccine against echinococcosis. In this system, a dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (DMON), Eg95 antigen, and two types of CpG potentiators (CpG ODN and pCpG) were integrated into a single nanoplatform. Compared to the commercial Quil-A-formulated vaccine, these two nanovaccines exhibited significant advantages in inducing early, robust, and long-lasting protective immune responses, especially in terms of IgG1 antibody responses and Th1 cytokine TNF-α secretion. Notably, the certain adjuvant combination (DMON + pCpG) formulated-vaccine Eg95N + pCpG@DMON conferred stronger adjuvanticity to the antigen than Quil-A during the late stage (42–84 days). Systematic evaluation demonstrated excellent biodegradability and biosafety of DMON and its-based vaccine. This research provides a strong foundation for upgrading vaccines against echinococcosis.

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