# DIEN Expert System Version 1 to formulate nursing diagnoses

## TL;DR

The DIEN Expert System Version 1 helps users formulate nursing diagnoses using a standardized language and shows high usability and acceptance among users.

## Contribution

A new expert system for nursing diagnoses using NANDA International standards and validated for usability and functionality.

## Key findings

- The DIEN system was rated highly for usability, functionality, reliability, and portability by most participants.
- The system strengthens critical thinking and familiarity with standardized nursing language.
- Most users found the system suitable for training and care settings.

## Abstract

Students and professionals’ difficulty in formulating nursing diagnoses underlines the need to use tools based on expert systems.

To develop an expert system to formulate nursing diagnoses and to evaluate their attributes.

This technological-descriptive study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was the design and construction of the expert system and the evaluation of its attributes (usability, functionality, reliability, and portability). In the second phase, 68 people participated, including students and nurses. Two questionnaires were applied, one to evaluate usability (validated by exploratory factor analysis, with a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.93) and the other to evaluate the remaining attributes (validated with Aiken's V: 0.91; with a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.91). The data were processed in Excel, using descriptive statistics.

An expert system was designed using the NANDA International 2021-2023 as its knowledge base. Its interface allows users to input age group, characteristics, and factors, generating diagnostic labels. Most users rated the attributes of usability (79.41%), functionality (82.35%), reliability (77.94%), and portability (86.76%) as "very good."

The DIEN Expert System Version 1 develops skills to identify characteristics and related or risk factors. It familiarizes users with the standardized nursing language and strengthens critical thinking to formulate contextualized diagnoses for the person cared for.

The DIEN Version 1 enables the use of standardized nursing diagnostic language, as it demonstrates the scientific and systematized work in care. The favorable opinion of its attributes by most participants predicts its acceptance in training and care settings.