# Searching for protein partners of short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD) reveals keratin 8 as a novel candidate for interaction in pancreatic β-cells

## TL;DR

This study finds that the enzyme SCHAD interacts with keratin 8 in pancreatic β-cells, which may be important for regulating insulin and glucose metabolism.

## Contribution

The study identifies keratin 8 as a novel interaction partner of SCHAD in pancreatic β-cells.

## Key findings

- Keratin 8 (K8) was identified as a high-confidence interaction partner of SCHAD through yeast 2-hybrid screening.
- SCHAD and K8 interaction increased with high glucose levels in β-cells, as shown by proximity ligation assay.
- K8 knockout mice showed reduced SCHAD upregulation on a ketogenic diet compared to wildtype mice.

## Abstract

Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD) is a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial enzyme with a role in the degradation of fatty acids. Because the protein also is a negative regulator of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, inactivating mutations in the SCHAD gene (HADH) cause congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy (CHI) and severe hypoglycemia. Here we sought to identify novel interaction partners of SCHAD that might be particularly relevant for the endocrine pancreas.

Employing the SCHAD protein as bait, we performed yeast 2-hybrid screening of a cDNA library made from human islets of Langerhans. Surprisingly, the screening revealed the intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) as a putative interaction partner of SCHAD with very high confidence. Previous reports have linked K8 to glucose homeostasis, and we confirmed the SCHAD interaction by co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells. SCHAD and K8 expression were then characterized in the human β-cell model EndoC-βH1. By using proximity ligation assay, we demonstrated that stimulating the cells with a high level of glucose triggered a transient increase in the interaction. However, when studying knockout mice, we found that the loss of either K8 or SCHAD did not change the expression level of the other interaction partner. Still, when K8 knockout mice were challenged with a ketogenic diet, upregulation of SCHAD expression was blunted compared to the upregulation observed in wildtype littermates.

We propose that the SCHAD protein interacts with K8 in a way that might be relevant for proper functioning of the pancreatic β-cell. Whether the SCHAD-K8 interaction influences the phenotype of CHI remains to be demonstrated.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-025-00544-w.