# Instrumentalized migration: avoiding the trap

## TL;DR

The paper explores how the EU and its member states can respond to the threat of instrumentalized migration, which is used by authoritarian states to pressure and destabilize.

## Contribution

It introduces a strategic analysis of the EU’s new Pact on Migration and Asylum as a tool to counter instrumentalized migration.

## Key findings

- Instrumentalized migration is a hybrid threat that exploits global migration for political and security purposes.
- The EU’s new Pact on Migration and Asylum can be leveraged to strengthen responses to such threats.
- Responses to instrumentalized migration set precedents for acceptable state behavior in international law.

## Abstract

The article considers the European Union’s (EU) and its Member States’ capacities to face the challenge posed by instrumentalized migration as a hybrid threat activity. Instrumentalized migration in this context entails people being forcibly displaced towards an EU border and made to cross it to claim international protection with an aim of causing capacity overload, adverse reactions, or exerting larger pressure on the target state. Because global migration is a highly politicised and securitized issue in European and domestic politics, authoritarian states may see a strategic opportunity in instrumentalizing it their advantage. Responding strategically to instrumentalized migration requires identifying policy pitfalls and value traps while managing to maintain as many tools and as much space for manoeuvre as possible. Authoritarian states may use instrumentalized migration to further their wider agenda of turning international law into a system of rules which would primarily protect state sovereignty and non-interference at the expense of the international protection of human rights. Responses to instrumentalized migration have impacts and establish precedence in terms of acceptable state practice. Considering this, this article discusses the EU’s new Pact on Migration and Asylum and examines how it can be used to the advantage of Member States when dealing with instances of instrumentalized migration.