# Clinical Management of Dyslipidemia in Infants and Toddlers

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how to manage dyslipidemia in infants and toddlers, focusing on causes, risks, and treatment options for this under-researched population.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of dyslipidemia in infants and toddlers, emphasizing the need for clinical guidance in this age group.

## Key findings

- Dyslipidemia in infants can result from both genetic and secondary factors like prematurity and intravenous nutrition.
- Severe hypertriglyceridemia in this age group increases the risk of acute pancreatitis.
- Current treatment options are limited, with no approved therapies for infants and toddlers.

## Abstract

Dyslipidemia can present as early as infancy however the prevalence and long-term outcomes are unclear. There is an unmet need for guidance in the evaluation and treatment approach in these patients. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in infants and toddlers and highlights potential treatment options.

Secondary factors unique to this population including prematurity and reliance on intravenous nutrition play a role in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, though primary genetic causes are also recognized. Severe hypertriglyceridemia poses a risk of acute pancreatitis in an already vulnerable population. Persistent dyslipidemia is a concern for future premature cardiovascular disease.

Management of dyslipidemia is dependent on its etiology and severity. Primary and secondary causes should be considered and addressed. Although a variety of therapeutic agents are available in older children and adults, no approved therapies exist at this age, though off-label use of medications may be considered.