# Study on interfacial shear characteristics and progressive failure model of geotextile bags

## TL;DR

This study examines how adding cement to tailings in geotextile bags improves their strength and stability, offering better design guidance for geotextile bag dams.

## Contribution

A new progressive failure model for geotextile bag interfaces is proposed, validated with experimental and theoretical analysis.

## Key findings

- Adding 3% cement increases the apparent friction angle by 17.4% and delays interface softening.
- Improved elastic-plastic and trilinear softening models accurately predict interface behavior under different stress levels.
- The evolution of plastic, softening, and residual zones can be modeled using a quadratic polynomial of normalized pull-out force.

## Abstract

Geotextile bag dams withstand the earth pressure of tailings in tailings reservoir by the shear stress on interface of geotextile bags. To improve the interfacial friction characteristics, pull-out tests were conducted on geotextile bags filled with fine tailings slurry containing various cement content, and the influences of cement content on the interfacial shear characteristics were explored. To describe the progressive failure of the interface, the theoretical analysis of interface pull-out behavior was performed. The results revealed that adding content cement into fine tailings slurry not only augmented the shear strength and residual strength ratio of the interface but also postponed interface softening. The optimal amount of cement was 3%, and the apparent friction angle which played a dominant role in interface strength was increased 17.4%, compared with no cement used. The elastic-plastic model and trilinear softening model were respectively improved to conform to the interfacial shear characteristics obtained in pull-out tests under low normal stress (< 60 kPa) and high normal stress (≥60 kPa). The interface shear stiffness of geotextile bag with the interfacial displacement within 20 mm and the dynamic compression modulus along the drawing direction were regarded as significant model parameters. The comparative analysis of shear stress-displacement curves, which were obtained from model calculating and test measuring, was carried out to verify the reliability and rationality of the model. The evolution patterns of the plastic zone, softening zone and residual zone of the interface were analyzed based on the model, and the warning values for interface failure were proposed. The development degree of interfacial plastic zone, softening zone and residual zone can be approximately calculated by quadratic polynomial of normalized pull-out force. The research results of this paper will provide reliable theoretical support for the design, construction and operation management of geotextile bag dams.