# Work-related connectivity between Boston Logan international airport and urban communities with high social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic

## TL;DR

This study shows that socially vulnerable communities near Boston Logan Airport had higher work-related connections to the airport during the pandemic, increasing their risk of disease exposure.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel analysis of work-related mobility patterns linking socially vulnerable urban communities to an international airport during the pandemic.

## Key findings

- Work-related visits to Boston Logan Airport were more common from socially vulnerable communities.
- Communities like East Boston, Revere, and Chelsea showed strong connections to the airport despite high pandemic infection rates.
- These mobility patterns persisted throughout the observation period, highlighting ongoing risk factors.

## Abstract

Airports may be high-risk sites for the spread of infectious diseases, including novel respiratory pathogens. While many studies have evaluated the higher burden of COVID-19 among essential workers, few studies have specifically analyzed the links between airport workers and surrounding communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used GPS-derived mobility data to estimate work- and travel-related visits from approximately 5000 Boston-area census block groups to Logan International Airport between January 2020 and August 2021. We stratified origin census block groups by their census tract-level Social Vulnerability Index and compared temporal trends and work-related airport visits across Social Vulnerability Index quartiles. Work-related visits to Boston Logan International Airport were more likely to originate from socially vulnerable communities (i.e., in the highest Social Vulnerability Index quartile), including cities that experienced disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection early during the COVID-19 pandemic (East Boston, Revere and Chelsea, Massachusetts). These differences persisted across the duration of the observation period. Our findings highlight higher social vulnerability and strong work-related mobility connections with an international travel hub as important overlapping risk factors in these urban communities. Protecting airport workers and their home communities from imported infectious diseases merits further attention as a public health priority.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40794-025-00249-0.