# Preparation of Thermally and Photochemically Immobilized N‐type Conjugated Polymer Films via Quantitative Backbone Editing

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a method to modify n-type conjugated polymers, improving their solubility and stability for use in electronic devices.

## Contribution

A new postpolymerization modification technique enables precise tuning of polymer properties for organic electronics.

## Key findings

- Thioether substitution improved solubility and subtly altered polymer film ordering.
- Azide incorporation allowed thermal and photochemical crosslinking, creating stable, insoluble films.
- UV crosslinking reduced mobility initially, but thermal annealing restored crystallinity and performance.

## Abstract

We report a series of n‐type conjugated polymers based on PNDI‐TfBTT and PNDIV‐TfBTT backbones constructed from electron‐deficient naphthalene diimide (NDI) and fluorinated benzothiadiazole (fBT) units, with PNDIV‐TfBTT incorporating a vinylene spacer. Quantitative postpolymerization modification (PPM) via nucleophilic substitution replaced the fBT fluorine with thioether side chains, optionally containing azide groups. Thioether substitution improved solubility, while subtly changing the ordering of polymer films. Azide incorporation enabled both thermal and photochemical crosslinking, yielding insoluble and immobile films that retained good electron transport; although UV crosslinking initially reduced mobility, subsequent thermal annealing largely restored crystallinity and performance. This work underscores the utility of precise backbone editing to fine‐tune the electronic and morphological properties of n‐type polymers, offering new avenues for the fabrication of stable, patterned active layers in advanced organic electronic devices.

A postpolymerization modification (PPM) of n‐type conjugated polymers by nucleophilic aromatic substitution is reported, enabling precise tuning of solubility, ordering, and stability. The method allows the facile introduction of azide groups, which can undergo UV‐ or thermally induced crosslinking, to afford stable, insoluble films with retained electron transport in transistor devices.