# Gene editing of the E3 ligase PIRE1 fine-tunes reactive oxygen species production for enhanced bacterial disease resistance in tomato

## TL;DR

Editing a gene called PIRE1 in tomatoes boosts leaf disease resistance by increasing reactive oxygen species without harming root interactions.

## Contribution

Gene editing of SlPIRE1 in tomato enhances foliar disease resistance while preserving interactions with soil-borne pathogens.

## Key findings

- SlPIRE1 mutants showed increased ROS production after flg22 treatment.
- Slpire1 plants had reduced disease symptoms from P. syringae and X. campestris.
- Slpire1 did not affect colonization by soil-borne pathogens.

## Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is required for effective plant defense. Accumulation of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD) is regulated by phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal residue (T912) leading to ubiquitination by the RING E3 ligase Pbl13-interacting RING domain E3 ligase (PIRE). Arabidopsis PIRE knockouts exhibit enhanced ROS production and resistance to the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Here, we identified 170 PIRE homologs, which emerged in tracheophytes and expanded in angiosperms. We investigated the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PIRE homologs in regulating ROS production, RBOH stability, and disease resistance. Mutational analyses of residues corresponding to T912 in the tomato RBOHD ortholog, SlRBOHB, affected protein accumulation and ROS production in a PIRE-dependent manner. Using genome editing, we generated mutants in 2 S. lycopersicum PIRE (SlPIRE) homologs. SlPIRE1 edited lines (Slpire1) in the tomato cultivar M82 displayed enhanced ROS production upon treatment with flg22, an immunogenic epitope of flagellin. Furthermore, Slpire1 exhibited decreased disease symptoms and bacterial accumulation when inoculated with foliar bacterial pathogens P. syringae and Xanthomonas campestris. However, Slpire1 exhibited similar levels of colonization as wild type upon inoculation with diverse soil-borne pathogens. These results indicate that PIRE regulates RBOHs in multiple plant species and is a promising target for foliar disease control. This study also highlights the pathogen-specific role of PIRE, indicating its potential for targeted manipulation to enhance foliar disease resistance without affecting root-associated pathogenic interactions.

An E3 ligase helps control plant immune responses and regulates reactive oxygen species production, offering a strategy to boost disease resistance in leaves without affecting root-associated pathogens.