# Social capital and COVID-19 vaccination in prisons: a survey of attitudes, beliefs, and motivations

## TL;DR

This study explores how social relationships and trust in UK prisons affect vaccination rates during the pandemic.

## Contribution

The study identifies social capital as a key factor influencing vaccination behavior in prisons, a context rarely studied.

## Key findings

- Younger prisoners, those with short sentences, and those in poor health had lower vaccination rates.
- Low trust and limited social support in prison were linked to lower vaccination uptake.
- Improving social relationships and trust could increase vaccination rates in prisons.

## Abstract

UK prisons were profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination remained low in these settings. Social roles, relationships, and freedoms influence vaccine uptake. Prisons are isolated by design and may foster mistrust that negatively influences vaccine uptake. Prisons are also unique communities with their own social networks and relationships.

We undertook a questionnaire survey across all six prisons in Wales, UK, to gather data on vaccine behaviour, attitudes, and other influencing factors. We fitted binomial generalised linear mixed effects models to identify predictors of vaccination.

Surveys were completed by 727 prison residents. We found low vaccination uptake in younger cohorts, those serving short sentences, and those who perceived themselves to be in poorer health. Those reporting low levels of trust towards others and those reporting fewer sources of social support in prison were less likely to be vaccinated.

Our findings suggest that building a prosocial atmosphere in prison and strengthening relationships and trust between prison staff and residents would positively influence vaccine uptake. Specific message framing should be considered to address the beliefs and motivations most prevalent in this population group, rather than focussing simply on enhancing the opportunity for vaccination.