# Reframing Micronutrient Deficiencies for Modern times: A Review

## TL;DR

The paper discusses how modern medical and lifestyle factors can cause micronutrient deficiencies, which are often overlooked.

## Contribution

It highlights contemporary risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies that are not commonly recognized.

## Key findings

- Modern conditions like hemodialysis and gastrointestinal resections increase micronutrient deficiency risks.
- Food insecurity and poor diet quality can lead to hidden deficiencies without clear signs of malnutrition.
- Subtle clinical presentations may mask micronutrient deficiencies, leading to misdiagnosis.

## Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies are often discounted in as an entity of the past when access to quality nutrition was scarce. However modern-day conditions such as hemodialysis, complex medication interactions, parenteral nutrition, gastrointestinal resections, institutional living, and substance use can place patients at risk. The metabolic demands of critical illness during prolonged hospitalization may provide added stressors. Food insecurity with reliance on inexpensive calorie-rich, nutrient poor diet may lead to deficiency without overt evidence of malnutrition. Moreover, clinical presentation may be subtle and easily attributed to other diagnoses. Increased awareness of current risk factors is essential for detection and treatment.