# Advancements in Stem Cell Applications for Livestock Research: A Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how stem cells can be used in livestock like cattle, goats, and horses for medical and regenerative purposes.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of stem cell applications in herbivorous livestock species, highlighting recent advances and challenges.

## Key findings

- Stem cells show promise in treating mastitis in cattle and muscle development in goats.
- Deer antler stem cells are effective for tissue regeneration.
- Technical and ethical challenges remain in stem cell research for livestock.

## Abstract

This review examines the current status and future prospects of stem cell applications in livestock research, focusing on herbivorous species, including bovines, goats, deer, horses, and camels. This review explores various types of stem cells (induced pluripotent, embryonic, and mesenchymal) and their therapeutic applications in treating conditions, like mastitis in cattle, muscle development in goats, tissue regeneration using deer antler stem cells, and orthopedic issues in horses. The authors discuss isolation methodologies, culture techniques, and the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell function. This review also addresses challenges in the field, including technical difficulties, genetic stability concerns, and ethical considerations related to animal welfare in stem cell research.

Stem cells (SCs), distinguished by their capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, represent a cornerstone of regenerative medicine. These cells, which can be categorized according to their differentiation potential and developmental origin, have emerged as pivotal elements in both biomedical research and veterinary science. In herbivorous species, stem cell applications have yielded particularly promising advances across multiple domains, including reproductive biotechnology, tissue engineering and regeneration, therapeutic interventions, and immunomodulation. This review synthesizes contemporary research on stem cell biology in five economically significant herbivorous species: bovine, ovine, deer, equine, and camelid. Special emphasis is placed on stem cell isolation methodologies, culture optimization techniques, and the molecular mechanisms governing key signaling pathways. The discussion encompasses both the technical impediments facing stem cell research and the ethical framework necessary for responsible scientific advancement, with particular attention to animal welfare considerations in the development and implementation of stem cell-based technologies.