# Native Bacterial Communities of Two Italian Salso-Bromo-Jodic and Sulphurous Natural Mineral Waters

## TL;DR

This study analyzes the bacterial communities in two types of natural mineral waters from Italy and links their composition to potential health benefits.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in characterizing the bacterial composition of specific Italian mineral waters and linking it to their therapeutic properties.

## Key findings

- Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota were the predominant bacterial phyla in the mineral waters.
- Bacterial diversity was higher at the family level, and waters from dispensing systems showed more similarity than those from natural sources.
- The therapeutic effects of the waters may be due to their unique combination of minerals and bacteria.

## Abstract

A correlation between resident non-pathogenic bacterial populations in certain natural mineral waters and their beneficial effects has been established by several research groups. This study aims to characterize the bacterial composition of the Rivanazzano salso-bromo-jodic and sulphurous mineral waters (Pavia, Italy). Water samples were collected from natural sources and dispensing systems. DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial composition, as well as alpha and beta diversity, were analyzed using amplicon sequence variants and compared across sampling sites. The predominant phyla in both waters were Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota. However, diversity at the family taxonomic level was recorded. In terms of bacterial diversity, waters collected from the dispensing systems within the spa resort were more similar between them than those from natural sources. The therapeutic properties of the Rivanazzano mineral waters are likely to be related to their combined mineral and biological composition.