# Cadmium Exposure Disrupts Uterine Energy Metabolism and Coagulation Homeostasis During Labor in Institute of Cancer Research Mice: Insights from Transcriptomic Analysis

## TL;DR

This study explores how cadmium exposure affects uterine metabolism and coagulation during labor in mice, using transcriptomic analysis to identify key genes and pathways.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel mouse model of cadmium-induced uterine injury and identifies specific genes and pathways affected by cadmium exposure.

## Key findings

- Cadmium exposure disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism in the uterus of laboring mice.
- Key genes involved in coagulation and oxidative phosphorylation are significantly altered due to cadmium exposure.
- Protein–protein interaction analysis reveals hub genes linked to metabolic and coagulation pathways.

## Abstract

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. There are very few studies about the effects of Cd on reproductive health and metabolism, and even fewer on metabolic disorders in the uterus of mice in labor. This study is the first to establish a model of Cd exposure in the uterus of laboring mice and investigate the underlying metabolic mechanisms through transcriptomic analysis. Methods: Pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injections of CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg) on gestational days 12.5, 14.5, and 16.5 were set up as the experimental group (Cd group), and pregnant mice injected with saline were set up as the control group (CT group). A total of 738 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 software, including 326 upregulated genes and 412 downregulated genes. Results: Through enrichment databases including the KEGG, GO, Reactome, and PANTHER, we identified 76 metabolism-related DEGs and performed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The PPI results were visualized using Cytoscape software and further analyzed, with 18 hub genes (maximum clique centrality score > 10) identified through the MCC algorithm of the Cytohubba plugin. The results showed that the highest-scoring hub genes included mt-Co2, mt-Co3, mt-Atp6, mt-Atp8, mt-Nd3, and mt-Nd4l, which are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The remaining lower-scoring hub genes were primarily associated with coagulation processes. Pathway analysis revealed hub genes predominantly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, complement and coagulation cascades, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and thermogenesis. Conclusion: This study successfully established a Cd exposure-induced uterine injury model, providing valuable references for human reproductive health research.