Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis in Medical Rehabilitation: A Comprehensive Description

TL;DR

This study describes the characteristics of patients with peripheral facial paralysis and highlights the need for better early identification and larger research samples.

Contribution

The study provides a detailed clinical and sociodemographic profile of PFP patients and emphasizes the role of otorhinolaryngology in referrals.

Findings

Idiopathic paralysis was the most common cause of peripheral facial paralysis in the study population.

Men and middle-aged or older adults were predominantly affected, with otorhinolaryngology being the main referral source.

Delays in rehabilitation initiation were observed, particularly in complex cases like acoustic neurinoma.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) is a condition with diverse etiologies, requiring multidisciplinary management. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and functional characteristics of patients with PFP treated at the Rehabilitation Service of the University Hospital of Burgos and to evaluate factors associated with the initial degree of impairment. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 patients referred to the Rehabilitation Service from July 2018 to July 2023. Inclusion criteria included first-time rehabilitation visits for PFP during the study period with signed informed consent. Patients with prior PFP on the affected side or severe comorbidities, such as stroke, were excluded. Data were collected from medical records and initial evaluations. The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) was used to assess impairment. Results: Idiopathic paralysis was the most common etiology, with a predominance in men (60.9%) and middle-aged or older adults. Otorhinolaryngology was the leading referral service, though primary care referrals were underrepresented. Delays in initiating rehabilitation were identified, especially in complex cases like acoustic neurinoma. The ANOVA test revealed no significant differences in functional assessments based on age, sex, or etiology, likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusions: The study highlights the predominance of idiopathic etiology in PFP and the importance of otorhinolaryngology in referrals. Greater awareness in primary care and early identification are crucial. Future studies with larger samples are needed to evaluate predictors of impairment and optimize rehabilitation strategies.